Arthroscopy is a procedure used by orthopedic surgeons to inspect, diagnose and repair joints. Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure on a joint in which doctors use an arthroscope, an endoscope, and make a small incision on joints. The benefit of traditional open surgery is that the joint does not have to be opened up fully. In knee arthroscopy, doctors make only two small incisions one for the arthroscope and the second for the surgical instruments.